Water sample analysis:-
- pH: This measures the acidity or basicity of the water. A pH of 7 is neutral, while a pH less than 7 is acidic and a pH greater than 7 is basic.
- Temperature: This measures the temperature of the water. The temperature can affect the solubility of gases and dissolved substances in the water.
- Turbidity: This measures the cloudiness or clarity of the water. High turbidity can indicate the presence of suspended particles, such as sediment, algae, or bacteria.
- Dissolved oxygen: This measures the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. Oxygen is essential for the survival of aquatic life, and low levels of dissolved oxygen can indicate pollution or poor water quality.
- Contaminants: This measures the presence of various pollutants in the water, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and bacteria. These contaminants can have a negative impact on human health and the environment.
Analytical chemistry:-
- Chromatography: This is a technique that separates the components of a mixture based on their physical and chemical properties. Different types of chromatography, such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, can be used to separate different types of compounds.
- Spectroscopy: This is a technique that uses light to identify and quantify the chemical components of a sample. Different types of spectroscopy, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, can be used to detect different types of compounds.
- Microscopy: This is a technique that uses a microscope to observe the physical and structural characteristics of a sample. Microscopy can be used to identify and quantify microorganisms and other particles in water samples.